Sunday, July 13, 2014

Bran Castle 布朗城堡


Bran Castle situated near Bran and in the immediate vicinity of Braşov, is a national monument and landmark in Romania. The fortress is situated on the border between Transylvania and Wallachia, on DN73. Commonly known as "Dracula's Castle" (although it is one among several locations linked to the Dracula legend, including Poenari Castle and Hunyad Castle), it is marketed as the home of the titular character in Bram Stoker's Dracula.



 There is, however, no evidence that Stoker knew anything about this castle, which has only tangential associations with Vlad III, voivode of Wallachia, the putative inspiration for Dracula. As discovered by the Dutch author Hans Corneel de Roos, the location Bram Stoker actually had in mind for Castle Dracula while writing his novel was an empty mountain top, Mount Izvorul Călimanului, 2,033 m high, located in the Transylvanian Kelemen Alps near the former border with Moldavia.


The castle is now a museum open to tourists, displaying art and furniture collected by Queen Marie. Tourists can see the interior individually or by a guided tour. At the bottom of the hill is a small open air museum park exhibiting traditional Romanian peasant structures (cottages, barns, etc.) from across the country. As of 2014, the castle is reportedly for sale.


布兰城堡位于罗马尼亚的布拉索夫(Braşov),是当地一个着名旅游点,古堡估计价值2500万美元,原属玛丽王后(Marie of Romania)所有,1938年传给女儿伊莱亚娜公主,1948年被当时的政府没收,但罗马尼亚政府于2006年初通过法例,将共产主义政权时代被没收的产业归还业主,并成立「产业基金」,向有损失的业主赔偿。同年5月,当地政府文化部决定将古堡归还原来的主人。这座14世纪的拜恩古堡,现时周边开设不少售卖德古拉羊毛外衣和吸血殭尸酒的摊档。

城堡始建于1377年,具有军事、战略及司法职能。1406年匈牙利国王将城堡所有权交予罗马尼亚公国大公。1441-1456年城堡属特兰西瓦尼亚大公管辖。1651年经特兰西瓦尼亚议会同意,布拉索夫市成为城堡的永久所有者。19世纪,布朗城堡失去其战略重要性,只起行政作用。城堡附近曾设一关口,向过往商人收取所运货物价值的3%关税。


1920年布拉索夫市议会将城堡赠予罗王后玛丽亚并进行了修复。1930年根据王后遗嘱,城堡由公主伊列安娜所有。
1948年城堡由罗国家所有,并于1956年作为历史艺术博物馆对外开放。































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